Original Article · Open access
Effect of fracture level on optimal Kirschner wire configuration in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: A finite element analysis
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical stability of three pin configurations for transverse supracondylar humerus fractures at various levels using finite element analysis (FEA).
Materials and methods: Computed tomography data from a six-year-old child were used to generate a humerus bone model. Four different fracture levels (low, transolecranon, high, and ultrahigh) and three pin fixation techniques (one lateral and one medial cross-pin [1-1M], two lateral capitellar pins [1-1C], and three lateral capitellar pins [2-1C]) were designed for the study. Translational stiffness and rotational stiffness in all directions were analyzed in the mesh models. Convergence data and stiffness data were obtained in the FEA.
Results: The translational and rotational stiffness values varied across fracture levels and pin configurations. Under valgus loading, the 1-1M configuration provided the highest stability in ultrahigh fractures (3289 N/mm), while the 2-1C configuration showed superior valgus and varus stability in low and transolecranon fractures. During extension and flexion loading, the 1-1M configuration yielded the highest stiffness values for transolecranon and high fractures, while the 2-1C configuration demonstrated increased stability in low and ultrahigh fractures. For rotational loading, 1-1M produced the highest inward and outward stiffness values in low-level fractures (9175 and 11035 N·mm/degree, respectively), whereas 2-1C displayed greater rotational stiffness in ultrahigh fractures.
Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that no single pin configuration is ideal for all fracture types, and the choice should be based on the specific fracture case.
Declarations
Author Contributions
Data collection and analysis were performed: T.Y., M.A.B., M.O.; The first draft of the manuscript was written: T.Y., I.H.D., T.K.; The manuscript was reviewed and edited prior to submission: B.A., S.B., U.C.K. All authors contributed to the study conception and design.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
Financial Disclosure
The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.
Data Sharing Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.