Preparation of the Manuscript

Use double-spaced 12-point Times New Roman text, consecutive page numbers and continuous line numbers. Provide a separate title page and a blinded manuscript. Define abbreviations when first used.

The structured abstract should contain 150–300 words, covering objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Follow it with three to six MeSH keywords. Organize original research into Introduction, Materials/Patients and Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion.

Explain participant or material selection, statistical methods and software. Present results logically and describe the study’s limitations. Number references in citation order and follow biomedical reference conventions. Supply separately numbered tables and figure legends; identify reused material and obtain the necessary permissions.

Provide a separate title page containing the article title, a running title of no more than 35 characters, each author’s name, academic degree, affiliation, email and ORCID, and the corresponding author’s postal address and telephone details.

Keep identifying details out of the blinded manuscript. Check headers, acknowledgements and document properties as well as the main text.

Include statements covering funding, competing interests, author contributions, ethics approval or waiver, consent and any AI assistance. Ensure the corresponding author has checked the information with all co-authors.

Place identifying information in the appropriate separate document so that the review manuscript remains blinded. See Publication Ethics for related guidance.

Download the JDRS cover letter and copyright form. Complete and sign the cover letter and obtain all authors’ signatures on the copyright form. Upload both as Supporting files in Step 2 of the submission form, together with a separate title page.

The portal accepts one blinded manuscript and up to four supporting files, in PDF or DOCX format. Limits are 20 MB per file and 30 MB total. Combine additional figures, reporting checklists and permissions into one supporting document if needed. Save photographs of signed forms as PDF before uploading.

• All authors have reviewed and approved the submission.
• The article type, title, abstract and keywords match the manuscript.
• The review manuscript is blinded and the separate title page is complete.
• The signed cover letter and copyright form signed by all authors are included.
• Funding, interests, contributions, ethics and consent are addressed.
• References, tables, legends and figure credits have been checked.
• The relevant reporting checklist is included.
• Every attachment opens correctly and satisfies the upload limits.
• The corresponding author has reviewed the fee information.